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Akan |
THE SIX CORE WORDSAnd a few related termsby Phil BartleDEMOCRACY The word, "democracy," comes from ancient Greek and Latin languages, where "demo" means the people (as in demography) and "cracy" means power (as in bureaucracy or aristocracy). The word democracy, then, means power to the people. Ironically, ancient Greece would not be seen today as very democratic in that the economy was based upon the labour of slaves. There are different kinds of democracy: eg representational democracy where the people elect representatives (eg Members of Parliament) to make decisions for them, and participatory democracy where the people are involved in making decisions. As a mobilizer, you are urged to promote democracy, ie in the community project, but you are not obligated to imitate the British parliamentary system. Look for what is socially appropriate. Akan: kabi-ma-me-nkabi, : الديمقراطية, Bahasa Indonesia: demokrasi, Català democràcia, Deutsch: demokratie, Ελληνικά: Δημοκρατία, English: democracy, Español: democracia, Filipino/Tagalog: demokrasya, Français: démocratie, Galego: democracia, हिन्दी : लोकतन्त्र, Italiano: democrazia, 日本語: 民主主義, 한국어 / Hangugeo: 민주주의, Malay: demokrasi, Nederlands: democratie, Português: democracia, Română: democratie, Pyccкий: демократия, Srpski: demokratija, Tiên Việt: dân chủ, Türkçe: demokrasi, ردو (Urdu): جمہوریت, 中文: 民主DEMOCRATIZATION A process of social change towards increased political decision making power for all people. Akan: kabi-ma-me-nkabi redi dwuma, العربيّة : إقامة الديمقراطيّة , Català: democratització, Deutsch: Demokratisierung, Ελληνικά: εκδημοκρατισμοσ, English: Democratization, Español: democratización, Français: démocratisation, हिन्दी : लोकतन्त्रीकरण, Italiano: democratizzazione, 日本語: 民主化, Português: democratização, Română: democratizare, Srpski: demokratizacija, ไทย: กระบวนการพัฒนาประชาธิปไตย اردو: جمہوریت Türkçe: demokratikleşme, 中文 : 民主化CAPACITY The ability, power or strength of a community or an organization. Akan: ahoxden susudua, العربيّة: قدرة, Bahasa Indonesia: kapasitas, বাংলা : সক্ষমতাঃ, Català: capacitat, Deutsch: Macht, empowerment, die stärkung, leistungsfähigkeit, Ελληνικά: δυνατότητες, ισχύς, δύναμη, English: capacity, power, strength, Español: capacidad, potenciación, Euskera: gaitasuna, Filipino/Tagalog: kakayahan, pagpapalakas, Français: capacité, empowerment, Galego: capacidade, हिन्दी : क्षमता, Italiano: empowerment, 日本語: 容量, 強くする, Kiswahili: uwezo, Malay: kapasiti, Português: capacidade, fortalecendo, Română: capacitate, Pyccкий: paзвития, Af Soomaali: awooda, Srpski: sposobnost, ไทย: ขีดความสามารถ, Tiên Việt: năng lực, tăng cường, Türkçe: kapasite, 中文 : 能力CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Increasing the "capacity" (ability) of a community or an organization. Empowerment. Strengthening. See Elements of Strength for a list of sixteen elements of capacity building. The difference between capacity development and capacity building lies with the conception of where the force of growth originates. The term "capacity building" implies that some agency outside the community or organisation supplies the energy to increase its capacity. It is informed by the concept of "social engineering." The term "capacity development," in contrast, implies that the energy for growth is internal to the community or organisation. See the slogan by Julius Nyerere; a community develops itself. Akan: ahoxden mpuntuo, العربيّة: العرب يّة: طو, Bahasa Indonesia: pengembangan kapasitas, বাংলা : সক্ষমতা উন্নয়নঃ, Català: desenvolupament de la capacitat, Deutsch: leistungsaufbau, leistungsentwicklung, English: capacity development, Ελληνικά: αναπτυξη ικανοτητων, Español: desarrollo de la capacidad, Filipino/Tagalog; paglilinang ng kakayahan, Français: renforcement des capacités, développement des capacités, bâtiment de capacité, développement de capacité, fortifier de la communauté, Galego: desenvolvemento da capacidade, हिन्दी : षमता विकास, अधिकारिकरण, Italiano: sviluppo della capacità, 日本語: 強くする, 容量の発展, Kiswahili: kujengea uwezo, Malay: pembangunan kapasiti, Português: desenvolvimento de capacidade, Română: dezvoltarea capacitatii, Af Soomaali: awoodsiinta, Pyccкий: paзвития, Srpski: razvoj sposobnosti, ไทย: การพัฒนาขีดความสามารถ; การสร้างขีดความสามารถ, Tiên Việt: Năng lực phát triển, Türkçe: kapasite gelişimi, 中文 : 提高能力EMPOWERMENT The empowerment of a community (or organization) is an increase in its strength, improvement in its capacity (ability) to accomplish its goals. Like capacity development, it is a process of becoming stronger. See "Measuring Empowerment" for a list of the sixteen elements of power or capacity, and a participatory method of measuring its increase. The empowerment methodology, in contrast to the charity approach, aims at strengthening the community rather than encouraging it to remain dependant upon outside resources. The empowerment methodology, therefore, does not make everything easy for the community, because it sees that struggle and resistance, as in physical exercise, produce more strength. See Community Empowerment. See Jihad for an interesting metaphor. Akan: ahoxdenhyz, العربيّة : تمكين , Català: potenciació, Deutsch: empowerment, die stärkung, Ελληνικά: ενδυναμωση, English: capacity development, empowerment, power, strengthening, Español: potenciación, Filipino/Tagalog: pagpapalakas, Français: empowerment, हिन्दी : अधिकारिकरण, Italiano: empowerment, 日本語: 強化, Kiswahili: uwezo, Português: fortalecendo, Română: imputernicirea, Pyccкий: paзвития, Srpski: unapredjenje, Tiên Việt: năng lực, ไทย: ขีดความสามารถ การสร้างพลัง, 中文: 增强能力STRENGTHENING Empowerment. Increasing capacity or ability to achieve objectives. Make stronger. Akan: denhyz, العربيّة : تقوية , Bahasa Indonesia: penguatan , বাংলা : শক্তিশালীকরন, Deutsch: die stärkung, Empowerment, Macht, Stärken, Ελληνικά: ανάπτυξη δυνατοτήτων, ενδυνάμωση, δύναμη, English: strengthening, capacity development, empowerment, power, Español: capacidad, potenciación, Euskera: indartzea, Ewe: fifun ni lokun, Filipino/Tagalog: pagpapalakas, Français: capacité, empowerment, हिन्दी : षमता विकास अधिकारिकरण, Italiano: rafforzamento, empowerment, 日本語: 強くする, Kiswahili: kujengea uwezo, Malay: menguatkan, Português: capacidade, desenvolvimento de capacidade, fortalecendo, Română: dezvoltarea capacitatii, intarire, Pyccкий: Рaзвития, Somali: xoojinta, Srpski: jačanje, ไทย: การเพิ่มความเข้มแข็ง, Tiên Việt: tăng cường Türkçe: kuvvetlendirme, 中文: 提升力量EMPOWERMENT METHODOLOGY The training material here is aimed at attacking poverty at the community level, where mobilisation and management training are aimed at empowering low income communities. The theory behind the skills and techniques here is sociological. The successful community worker, an applied sociologist, can not do the best job, however, unless she or he is familiar with some of the basic principles that lie behind the offering of skills or describing the programmes to be set up. It is built up of several important principles: The balance of power (opinion makers and leaders, not merely the demographic majority) must desire the community to become more self reliant and willing to make efforts and sacrifices to become so. (Leaders and opinion makers may be formal and/or informal, officially recognised and/or unrecognized). Without this, the mobiliser would be wasting time and better employed in another community or organization;
This is the core set of principles of the empowerment methodology. Akan: denhyz akwankyerz, 'العربية : منهجيّة التمكين, Deutsch: gemeindestärkung, Ελληνικά: μεθοδολογια ενδυναμωσησ, English: empowerment methodology, Español: potenciación, Filipino: Ang Pamamaraan na Pagsasakapangyarihan, Français: methode de empowerment, हिन्दी : अधिकारिकरण, Italiano: su Empowerment della comunità, 日本語: 強化方法論, Português: metodologia de empoderamento, Română: metodologia imputernicirii, Somali: xoojinta, ไทย: หลักการในการสร้างพลัง, 中文 : 增强能力的方法PARTNERSHIP A "partnership" is a relationship in which there is some equality between the parties in the agreement. In the key word, "independence," it was noted that we are all, to some extent, interdependent. While your work leads to a community breaking out of dependency, it cannot become totally independent. The realistic aim, then, is for communities to get into partnerships with municipal or district authorities, and work towards more equal relationships. Akan: ayxnkofayz, عربي: شراكة, شراكة, Bahasa Indonesia: kerjasama, Deutsch: partnerschaft, Ελληνικά: κοινοπραξια, English: partnership, Español: asociación, Filipino/Tagalog: samahan, Français: association, हिन्दी : भागीदारी, Italiano: partenariato, 日本語: 協力, Português: parceria, Română: partneriat, Srpski: partnerstvo, ไทย: ความร่วมมือ, Türkçe: ortaklık, 中文 : 伙伴关系PARTICIPATION "Participation" is used in several contexts on this web site. "Community Participation" means that all members of a community participate in decision making that affects the community (not merely consultation or contribution). See Civic Engagement. "Participatory Training" means that the trainees learn by doing, ie participating as an effective method for learning skills. Participants do not learn as effectively when they are listening to a lecture or to a presentation. "Participatory Management" means that management is not left only to the managers, but is everybody's business. "Participatory Appraisal" (PRA) means that the affected community or organization is stimulated to participate in assessing the situation and determining priority needs. Akan: WODE WO HO REHYZ MU / REKA HO, العربية : مشاركة , Bahasa Indonesia: Partisipasi, Deutsch: partizipation, Ελληνικά: συμμετοχη, English: participation, Español: participation, Filipino/Tagalog: pakikilahok, Français: participation, हिन्दी : भागीदारी, Italiano: participazione, 日本語: 参加, Português: participação, Română: participare, Srpski: učestvovanje, ไทย: การมีส่วนร่วม, Türkçe: katılım, 中文: 参与SUSTAINABILITY The word "sustainability" is important in development assistance. (The word is not found in most dictionaries). It refers to the "ability" of something to be "sustained" (carried on) after outside support is withdrawn. For the community that builds a water supply, the repairing, cleaning and using the pump after it is constructed, is the desire. For an external donor, it is the continuation of the project or its outputs after the donor withdraws. For you, the mobilizer, it is the continuation of the community strengthening social process after you move on. For environmentalists and ecologists, Sustainability requires that an activity can be sustained (eg biologically) by the physical environment, that non-renewable resources are not used up. Akan: regyina biribi, العربيّة الاستمرارية, Bahasa Indonesia: Keberlangsungan, Deutsch: Nachhaltigkeit, die nachhaltigkeit, Ελληνικά: Bιωσιμότητα, English: sustainability, Español: sostenimiento, Filipino/Tagalog: maipapatuloy, Français: durabilité, Galego: sostentabilidade, हिन्दी : निरंतरता, Italiano: sostenibilita, 日本語: 継続, Kiswahili: udhibiti, Português: sustentabilidade, Română: dezvoltare durabila, Pyccкий: устойчивость, Af Soomaali: xejin, Srpski: održivost, ไทย: ความยั่งยืน, Tiên Việt: Tạm dịch là sự phát triển bền vững, Türkçe: sürdürülebilirlik, اردو (Urdu): سسٹينيبِلٹ, سسٹينيبِلٹی", 中文: 持续性TRANSPARENCY Transparency is a very important element of strengthening a community (see elements of empowerment). The word "transparent" here means the ability to see through something. When civil servants try to do things (ie make decisions, allocate resources) in secrecy, hiding their activities from the people, they are not being transparent. They are giving the people the "mushroom treatment." This promotes mistrust, apathy, and marginalization (important factors of poverty and community weakness). Your job as a mobilizer is to promote transparency. You do it by explaining what it is, and that the people have a right and a responsibility to know what is going on (awareness raising). You also do it by ensuring that it is a key element of the community organizations that you form or re-organize. Laws, such as the "Freedom of Information Act," or similar laws which ensure that details of government spending must be of public record, available to the people, are intended to promote governmental transparency, although some officials will attempt to subvert the spirit of such laws. If you hide a problem, cover it up or deny that it is there; you surely hinder its solution. If, instead, you uncover it, admit it, and honestly examine it, you are well on the way to solving the problem. Transparency strengthens. Akan: reyz biribi ama zmu ada hx pefee, العربيّة : الشفافية, Bahasa Indonesia: transparansi, Deutsch: die transparenz, Ελληνικά: Διαφάνεια, English: transparency, Español: transparencia, Filipino/Tagalog: naaaninag o pagiging bukas, Français: transparence, Galego: transparencia, हिन्दी: पारदर्शीता, Italiano: transparenza, 日本語: 透明 明確さ, 한국어 / Hangugeo: 투명도, Malay: transparensi, Nederlands: transparantie, Português: transparência, Română: transparenta, Pyccкий:Прозрачность, Somali: waadix, Srpski: providnost, ไทย: ความโปร่งใส, Türkçe: şeffaflık, Tiên Việt: tính minh bạch, ردو: شفافیت, 中文: 透明度──»«──If you find a word that needs discussing here, please write.If you copy text from this site, please acknowledge the author(s) |
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