Translations:
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Key words that begin with the letter Gby Phil BartleGEMEINSCHAFT The German word gemeinschaft is equivalent to the English word "community." Following Tonnies, however, the word "gemeinschaft" is used in Sociology to indicate degrees of community, or community characteristics. It implies face to face interaction, where everybody knows everybody else, as total people rather than only as roles, and where there is little formality of rules and social organization. It is contrasted with "Gesellschaft." See: Community Characteristics. Ελληνικά: κοινοτητα, English: gemeinschaft, Italiano: gemeinschaft, Português: gemeinschaft, Română: gemeinschaft, Srpski: gemeinschaft, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 礼俗社会,GENDER The word "gender" is used to distinguish between two categories, "masculine" and "feminine." It should not be confused with the word "sex" which is used to distinguish between "male" and "female." Gender, and its interpretations of what constitutes masculine and feminine differ greatly between culture and culture, between community and community. Our concern with gender mainly is focused on how distinctions of gender affect the distribution of power, economic relations, and social distinctions. These are important variables which affect communities, and affect the nature of the work of every mobilizer. A mobilizer must (as part of the requirement of learning about a community) understand what values, attitudes and conceptualizations are shared among community members. A mobilizer must also work towards reducing unfair political and economic differences between the genders, as an important element of community empowerment. See the training module on Gender. Also see: Age, Race and Sex. বাংলা : লিঙ্গ, Bahasa Indonesia: gender, Català: gènere, Deutsch: gender, Ελληνικά: γένος, English: gender, Español: género, Euskera: generoa, Filipino/Tagalog: pangkasarian o kasarian, Français: genre, Galego: xénero, Italiano: genere, 日本語: ジェンダー, Kiswahili: ujinsia, Malay: gender, Português: género, Română: gen, Somali: Jandar, Srpski: pol, Tiên Việt: giới tính, Türkçe: toplumsal cinsiyet, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 性别问题GENERATE When something is created, it is generated (same word root as "Genesis"). An electric generator takes some other form of energy and converts it to electrical energy. To generate wealth, it must be created. The most common way is to add value to something that already has some value. When money is transferred, income (wealth) is not necessarily generated. Català: generar, Deutsch: Schaffen, Ελληνικά: παραγω, English: generate, Español: generar, Français: produire/créer, Italiano: generare, Kiswahili: zalisha, Português: gere, crie, gerar, Română: producere, Srpski: proizvesti, Türkçe: oluşturmak, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 产生GESELLSCHAFT The German word gesellschaft is equivalent to the English word "society." Following Tonnies, however, the word "gesellschaft" is used in Sociology to indicate degrees of formality in society, or formal social characteristics. It implies partial interaction, where everybody does not know everybody else, where they know each other as roles rather than as total people, and where there is much formality of rules and social organization. It is contrasted with "Gemeinschaft." See: Community Characteristics. Ελληνικά: κοινωνια, English: gesellschaft, Italiano: gesellschaft, Português: gesellschaft, Română: gesellschaft, Srpski: geselschaft, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 法理社会,GOAL When a group identifies its priority problem, you, as a mobilizer explain that the reverse (or solution) of that problem is the group's priority goal. A goal is more general than an objective. Objectives are derived from goals. Català: finalitat, Deutsch: Ziel, Ελληνικά: στοχοσ, English: goal, Español: meta, Français: but, Italiano: traguardo, Kiswahili: lengo, Português: finalidade, meta, Română: scop, Srpski: cilj, Türkçe: hedef, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 目的GOVERNANCE The word governance is much more broad than the word, government. It is less formal, more encompassing, less legalistic, in meaning. It refers to the total pattern of decision making, control, management, co-ordination and power processes of any organization, such as a community. Good governance is honest, participatory, responsive, transparent, progressive, equalitarian, democratic, respectful of all members, and works on behalf of all the people. Català: governament, Deutsch: Regierungsführung, Ελληνικά: διοικηση, English: governance, Español: gobierno, administración, Français: gouvernance, Italiano: governance, Kiswahili: uongozi, Português: governação, Română: guvernanță, Somali: hogaanka, Srpski: upravljanje, Türkçe: yönetim, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 管治GRANT A grant is basically a gift. As such it is a transfer of money. On this web site, you will find less than enthusiasm for the giving of grants, for several reasons. In any income generating scheme that aims to train participants in how to generate (create) new wealth, giving grants instead of loans makes them skilled in receiving gifts rather than skilled in getting loans after/without the project. Not sustainable. Similarly, when helping any community, we face a real problem of creating and developing an attitude of dependency if we simply give them grants to obtain their communal services. If we make them struggle, and contribute to the facility, they are more likely to become stronger and more self reliant. Empowerment methodology requires the minimizing if not the absence of giving grants. Català: donació, Deutsch: Zuschuss, Ελληνικά: χορηγιεσ, English: grant, Español: subvención, Français: subvention, Italiano: concessione, Kiswahili: mafungu, Português: subvenção, doação, Română: donație, Srpski: stipendija, Türkçe: bağiş, 中文 (Zhōngwén): 补助金──»«──If you find a word that needs discussing here, please write.If you copy text from this site, please acknowledge the author(s) |
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